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Pharmacies within hospitals differ considerably from community pharmacies. Some pharmacists in hospital pharmacies may have more complex clinical medication management issues whereas pharmacists in community pharmacies often have more complex business and customer relations issues. Because of the complexity of medications including specific indications, effectiveness of treatment regimens, safety of medications (i.e., drug interactions) and patient compliance issues (in the hospital and at home) many pharmacists practicing in hospitals gain more education and training after pharmacy school through a pharmacy practice residency and sometimes followed by another residency in a specific area. Those pharmacists are often referred to as clinical pharmacists and they often specialize in various disciplines of pharmacy. For example, there are pharmacists who specialize in hematology/oncology, HIV/AIDS, infectious disease, critical care, emergency medicine, toxicology, nuclear pharmacy, pain management, psychiatry, anti-coagulation clinics, herbal medicine, neurology/epilepsy management, pediatrics, neonatal pharmacists and more. .Online pharmacies are pharmacies which operate over the Internet. Many such pharmacies are, in some ways, similar to community pharmacies; the primary difference is the method by which the medications are requested and received.

Some customers consider this to be more convenient than traveling to a community drugstore. While many internet pharmacies sell prescription drugs only with a prescription, some do not require a pre-written prescription. In some countries, this is because prescriptions are not required. Some customers order drugs from such pharmacies to avoid the inconvenience of visiting a doctor or to obtain medications which their doctors were unwilling to prescribe. People living in the United States may turn to online pharmacies because medical care and prescription medications can be prohibitively expensive. Many of these websites employ their own in house physicians to review the medication request and write a prescription accordingly. Some websites offer medications without a prescription or a doctor review. This practice has been criticized as potentially dangerous, especially by those who feel that only doctors can reliably assess contraindications, risk/benefit ratios, and the suitability of a medication for a specific individual. Pharmacies offering medication without a prescription and doctor review or supervision are sometimes fraudulent. In the United States, there has been a push to legalize importation of medications from Canada and several European countries, in order to reduce consumer costs.

Although importation of prescription medication usually violates Food and Drug Administration (FDA) regulations and federal laws, enforcement is generally targeted at international drug suppliers, rather than consumers. Often Americans purchase lower-cost foreign drugs by driving to Canadian or Mexican pharmacies, buying their medications when traveling abroad on vacation, or, buying from foreign pharmacies that ship their orders via mail. International consumers often purchase drugs online from online pharmacies in their own countries, or those located in other nations such as India, Pakistan and the Philippines. Some of these pharmacies require prescriptions, while others do not. Of those which do not require prescriptions, some do ask the customer to fill in a health questionnaire with their order. Drugs available online are often produced by well-known manufacturers such as Pfizer, Wyeth, Roche, and generic Indian drugmakers Cipla and Ranbaxy and Teva Pharmaceutical Industries of Israel. It is a fairly common practice for North American and European visitors to countries like Thailand, India and South Africa to purchase and bring home affordable medications for themselves, family members and/or friends.[citation needed] Savings can be significant, often exceeding 80 percent compared to the same medications available in their home countries. Travellers may avoid possible difficulties inherent to physically going through customs with their medication purchases by mailing the drugs to their home so they receive them upon their return. o save money, millions of uninsured and underinsured U.